Witnessing Trumpeter Swans In the Wild Is A Conservation Triumph — Now It’s Our Turn To Act

Trumpeter Swan Encounter | Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge—Cheney, Washington, USA

March 8, 2025

“The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don’t know.”

 Albert Einstein

Get out there and Explore No Matter the Weather

Monotony is the harbinger of death when you are a person who thrives on the jolt of discovery. I am constantly searching for novelty, beauty, and the deeper stories behind the built and natural world. Living with me is probably exhausting, but I’m not going to stop until I’m dead. I bet my husband wished he’d realized before popping the question! Yet, even people like me, who thrive on seeking out what’s behind every corner, can become less than enthralled when it’s “Stick Season”. It was during this time when my friends was staying over and I had to decide on the best locale for a day of photography. 

Two adult Trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) rest in a thawing lake as they make their way North to breed. This images shows their immense wingspan, which can reach 6 feet (1.8 m) in length. They feed by reaching their long necks into the muck, which is why their heads are often stained brown.
Trumpeter swans are the biggest waterfowl native to the US. Their wingspan can reach 6 ft (1.8 m) and weigh 25 lbs (11 kg). They use their long necks to reach down into the muck, often staining their heads brown.
Five mature Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) fly against a great sky. Example of high-key photography technique.
National Wildlife Refuges Are Exceptional Locations for Bird Photography

Luckily, I live about an hour from a few amazing National Wildlife Refuges (NWR), Little Pend Oreille NWR and Turnbull NWR, where I frequently capture images of all manner of bird and mammal species. Turnbull won out this day as it is closer and has the added advantage of potential moose sightings. 

I didn’t expect to see much more than a few juncos, possibly a porcupine on this trip, which made it even more exciting when I heard a unique cacophony as I got out of my car.

In one of the few ponds, just beginning to thaw, I saw a flock of huge white swans. They were bobbing their heads and flapping their wings, all while trumpeting receptively. The sight and sounds of these magnificent birds had me holding my breath.

This adult Trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) is preparing for a landing on a thawing pond at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in Cheney, Washington, USA.
This mature Trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) is preparing for a landing onto a thawing pond at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in Cheney, Washington.
Ethical Photography is Conservation Photography

I huddled under a tree with a view through the cattails as my friend chose to maneuver to a different vantage point. My main goal, when I come across wildlife, is to not change their behavior. No image is worth causing an animal to burn calories unnecessarily. Not knowing these swans tolerance for humans, I didn’t want to risk scaring them off with any sudden movements or getting too close, causing them to feel threatened.

Hunkering down, thankful I remembered my gloves, I  watched them greet the new swans joining their flock from the West with head bows and wing flaps that brought the tops of their bodies out of the water. Their wingspan was enormous! The magnificent sounds began again in earnest as the new swans landed in the water, followed by more head bowing.  After watching for a bit, I began to notice they were together in pairs. Their large heads perfectly balanced on their stick-straight necks.

It is easy to confuse a Trumpeter swan with a Tundra swan until you know what to look for. The middle, smaller swan is a Tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus). Notice how much easier it is to locate the eye of the Tundra swan, while the Trumpeter's eye seems to disappear into their bill?  The yellow patch is a trait displayed on both species, so start with the bill.
It is easy to confuse a Trumpeter swan with a Tundra swan until you know what to look for. The middle, smaller swan is a Tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus). Notice how much easier it is to locate the eye of the Tundra swan, while the Trumpeter’s eye seems to disappear into their bill? The yellow patch is a trait displayed on both species, so start with the bill.
Three adult Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) soar in the sky.
A mature Trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) trumpeting to their flock waiting in a pond at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in Cheney, Washington, USA.
Use Your Photographs to Dig Deeper into a Subject

As my heart rate slowed down, I realized I had shot with settings from a long-forgotten moment and altered them to get the desired effect. You see, Trumpeter swans are not only white, they are a brilliant white. The sky was gray and they were surrounded by snow, also white, creating very challenging exposure conditions.  I didn’t want to blow out the whites and lose the data necessary to bring up contrast in post production. I wanted to give myself the ability to push the contrast a bit to help delineate the feathers from their body. I took a breath and gave myself a gentle reminder to check my settings sooner next time.

Eventually, all the swans took off and my friend and I met up again, elated to have witnessed such an incredible sight. We thought the swans were Trumpeter swans but we weren’t 100% sure. This happens often as I take pictures, which is another reason I prefer pictures over binoculars. The biodiversity of life is sometimes obvious and many times can be subtle. Having images for reference for the many things you didn’t know to look until you open your book or app has helped me learn the names of many creatures. 

After a bit of sleuthing at home, I learned we had been watching Trumpeter swans. This would have been a common sight for early settlers who would have regularly seen them gracing the skies and feeding in wetlands. Something we only saw thanks to years of restoration work carried out by numerous biologists, conservation groups, private landowners, and the Department of Fish and Wildlife service (USFW).  Through my reading, I learned about the decline of the Pacific Flyway population and the ups and downs of the USFW Trumpeter swan recovery efforts. 

A juvenile Trumpeter swan (cygnus buccinator) in flight displays their rosy chest and orange feet. Eventually, their chest feathers will turn white and their feet will become black.
A juvenile Trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) displays their rosy chest and orange feet.
Trumpeter Swan Threats

The Pacific Flyway is the migration route for birds that are coming from as far as Central America, heading towards Alaska and back again as the weather begins to sour. Of course, all birds aren’t completing the entire journey each year, but it is nevertheless a highway of sorts that is essential for birds who need to move freely from their breeding area to their winter resting areas.

The flyway’s success is dependent on humans protecting wetland habitats, which provides rest stops for exhausted and hungry birds. Policy makers should prioritize these wetland areas as they not only provide habitat for migrating birds, they help clean our drinking water, and help lessen the impacts of floods caused by excessive rain events.

Lead poisoning is another contributing factor to the decline of Trumpeter swans, as well as other waterfowl. This is where things get a bit confusing. There seems to be consensus that lead is bad for people and wildlife, yet some lakes ban lead weights for fishing and others do not. Anglers still are using lead weights, when other options are available.

In the past, hunters could use leaded ammunition, which lead to inadvertent mortalities by scavengers who ate a poisoned carcass a hunter was unable to retrieve, or a poacher who just didn’t. Now we know enough not to use it and should only use alternatives.

In 1918, it became illegal to hunt Trumpeter swans when the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MGTA) was enacted. Until then, birds were excessively being hunted for sport and their feathers were used as fashion accessories. In the case of Trumpeters, their primary feathers were prized writing instruments used by the likes of James Audubon. Women were using powder puffs to powder their bodies made from the downy feathers still attached to swan skins. 

A Tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) mingling with Trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) and other waterfowl, such as mallards. There could be mutualism as the swans long necks are able to reach plants the other waterfowl are unable to reach.
A Tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) mingling with Trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) and other waterfowl, such as mallards. There could be mutualism for the smaller dabblers as the swans long necks are able to reach plants the other waterfowl are unable to.
Two adult Trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) fly overhead at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in Cheney, Washington, USA.
Two adult Trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) prepare to land on a partially thawed lake in Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, Cheney, Washington, USA.
Wildlife and Their Habitats Need Us More Than Ever

Over time, the MBTA has become one of the oldest and most important laws for protecting migratory birds.  The Trump Administration, as of February 28, 2025 has weakened the MBTA to protect the energy industry, which could encourage disastrous and irreversible population level disturbances as financial penalties are lifted for purposeful or inadvertent bird mortalities.

Spring is a Great Time to Pitch in at Your Local Wildlife Refuge. Look for Volunteer Opportunities Near You Today!

6 thoughts on “Witnessing Trumpeter Swans In the Wild Is A Conservation Triumph — Now It’s Our Turn To Act”

  1. Nice article. Very detailed and it shows how deeply you researched for this article. Much success in your adventure

  2. Caroline Hundahl

    Well, done daughter, your article is wonderful. You were informative and very precise on the beautiful swans. Loved all of the pictures and very glad you are informing us with pictures and text on their dangers they are facing.

  3. Your style is very unique in comparison to other folks I have read stuff
    from. Many thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess
    I’ll just book mark this page.

    1. Thank you for taking the time to read my article. The majority of Spring I’ll be in the field getting images but I’m always thinking of new articles to put together and have some topics in mind to cover next!

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